Thursday, February 17, 2011

PLS-CADD (Power Line Systems - Computer Aided Design and Drafting)







PLS-CADD is the most powerful overhead power line design program on the market. PLS-CADD runs under Microsoft Windows and features an easy to use graphical user interface. It integrates all aspects of line design into a single stand-alone program with a simple, logical, consistent interface.

No other program can match the sophisticated engineering capabilities available in PLS-CADD. This sophistication and integration leads to more cost-effective designs being produced in only a fraction of the time required by traditional methods. The PLS-CADD solution is so clearly superior to any alternative that it has been adopted by more than 1000 organizations in over 100 countries.



Three Dimensional Engineering Model




At the heart of PLS-CADD is a sophisticated three-dimensional engineering model. This model includes the terrain, the structures and all the wires. The model can be viewed in a number of different ways: profile views, plan views, plan & profile sheets, 3-D views, staking lists... The PLS-CADD model is much more than just a picture or CAD drawing since PLS-CADD understands the relationship between these elements. When you drag a structure off the current alignment PLS-CADD will generate new profiles and update all affected structure and wire positions. The effects of this structure move will be instantly visible in all views including the plan & profile sheet view. In PLS-CADD you concentrate on designing your line instead of wasting your time drafting.




Terrain Model

Click here for 
full image PLS-CADD easily adapts to the wide range of technologies used for line surveys including total station instruments, airborne lasers and photogrammetry. It accepts survey data in both the plan and the profile coordinate systems. Survey data can be keyed in, can be digitized using the built in heads-up digitizer, or can be electronically imported from a survey data file. PLS-CADD has a customizable data import routine that can read a wide range of survey data formats.
Superposition of planimetric maps and aerial photographs can be used to better visualize the area around your line. When sufficient data are available PLS-CADD can give you an even better perspective using contour lines, color renderings and even draped aerial photographs.
Altering your line route is easily accomplished by dragging P.I. points with the mouse or by clicking on locations where you want to add or delete P.I. points. Line route changes are instantly reflected in all views.




Advanced Sag-Tension

IEEE Std. 738 Static 
Rating Graph, Click here for information on real-time rating
PLS-CADD has built in sag-tension routines. You can quickly display your line in 3-d for any weather condition complete with insulator swings and wire blowout. Clearances from wires to ground or between phases can also be calculated under any weather conditions. Loading trees, stringing charts, galloping ellipses, IEEE Std. 738 and Cigre Brochure 207 thermal ratings, and offset clipping results are all easily accessed.
PLS-CADD goes beyond ordinary sag-tension programs. Running ACSR conductors at high temperature can cause the aluminum strands to go into compression. Most sag-tension programs do not model this effect and thus underestimate the sags. PLS-CADD can model your line both with and without the compression effect so you can see how severe it is.
Like most line design programs, PLS-CADD uses ruling span approximations in its sag-tension calculations. Unlike these other programs, PLS-CADD can work together with our SAPS multi-span finite element sag-tension program when the ruling span isn't appropriate. When used in this manner PLS-CADD bypasses its built in sag-tension routine and uses SAPS instead. This allows modeling of broken conductors, unbalanced ice, marker balls, and flexible structure scenarios that are incompatible with ruling span approximations. It also allows fixing the length of wire in each span to see the impact of moving structures, inserting structures or cutting out wire in an existing line. 


Structure Modeling

Click here for full
 image Click here for full 
image PLS-CADD provides several methods for modeling structures. The simplest is the wind & weight span method for which you need only enter values of allowable wind & weight spans, allowable suspension insulator swing angles and the coordinates of the wire attachment points. A far more powerful method of modeling structures is available when using our structure programs. These programs construct a finite element model from some basic input quantities such as pole height, pole class, cross-arm size and guy placement. When such a structure is checked PLS-CADD not only tells you if the structure is adequate but it also displays a color-coded picture showing which parts of the structure are most highly stressed. You have complete flexibility in changing tensions, conductors and loading agendas and can see the results of these changes on structure usage in seconds. Guyed structures, frames and even lattice towers are all easily accommodated. This method is ideal for upgrade studies of existing lines and is far more powerful and accurate than any other alternative.

Wednesday, February 16, 2011

Most Famous Tool "PSCAD"




PSCAD/EMTDC is a general-purpose time domain simulation
program for multi-phase power systems and control networks.
It is mainly dedicated to the study of transients in power systems.

A full library of advanced components allows a user to precisely model interactions
between electrical networks and loads in various configurations. A graphical user
interface and numerous control tools make PSCAD a convenient and interactive
tool for both analysis and design of any power system.

Intuitive and visual design environment
PSCAD seamlessly integrated visual environment features all aspects of
conducting a simulation, including circuit assembly, run-time control,
analysis and reporting. Users can easily interact with the components
during the simulation because of the variety of control tools.

The solution meters and the plotting traces are also visible and
available during the simulation. Signals can be analysed in real
time
 Extensive Components Library.

PSCAD features a broad range of models for power system and power electronic
studies such as:
● Frequency dependent
transmission lines and cables,
● Transformers (classical model
with saturation/Umec model)
● Various machines,
(synchronous, asynchronous, DC)
● Various turbines
(hydro, steam, wind),
● Converters & FACTS,
● Drive & control blocks,
● Relays.

Fast and Accurate

The time steps interpolation technique combines accuracy and quickness: it allows
the simulation to precisely represent the commutations of breakers and switches
in the electrical model, for any model’s size, up to extremly large models.
PSCAD results are solved as instantaneous values, and can be converted to phasor
magnitudes and angles via built-in transducers and measurement functions
such as true-rms meters or FFT spectrum analysers. The PSCAD simulation tool
can duplicate the response of a power system at any frequency, because the
computation step chosen by the user can go from several nanoseconds to several
seconds.

Modular Substation Design Software




In today’s fast track environment , projects are required to be delivered in extremely short
lead times, with high risk exposure due to reduced design , manufacturing ,installation and
commissioning schedules.

ABB as a leader in the electrical and instrumentation field has integrated and combined its
product divisions into project group teams, where integrated systems including modular
portable substations can be provided completely factory installation and pre commissioned.
The approach reduces risks with respect to, co ordination, interfacing, project management
and at the same time reduces total installed costs to the customer.

In the past the concept of modular switchrooms has been perceived as a technically inferior
solution , the garden shed concept, but with advanced design , materials and
manufacturing techniques the modular substations can be placed in the most extreme
environments.

ABB offers a complete single source , providing a simple uncomplicated substation
installation via this modular concept incorporating the comprehensive range of ABB primary
and secondary distribution equipment from 500kV through to 415V , including protection
control and monitoring systems.

Within the vast product range ABB is able to offer a complete integrated package , that provides an
engineered , co ordinated and interface system harmonizing Power , Protection Control and
Instrumentation within the pre packaged substations.
• Protection Relays for Transmission, Generation and Distribution
• Distribution Automation
• SCADA / EMS / DMS
• Substation Automation
• Power System Communication
• Metering
• Load management / Ripple Control equipment
• Power Transfomers
• Distribution Transformers
• Low voltage Switchgear (up to 1000V)
• Medium Voltage switchgear (up to 36kV)
• Intelligent Switchgear solutions
• Outdoor switchgear (up to 36 kV)
• Instrument transformers, cast resin to 36 kV, and Oil filled to 500kV
• Circuit Breakers - High Voltage & Generator Applications
• Surge Arresters, Distribution and Station class
• Disconnectors.
• GIS Switchgear.
• High and Low Voltage Capacitors
• Harmonic Filters
• Power Factor Correction



Imporatance iTowers Designer Software in EE&P Engineering





iTOWERS Designer uses unique modular design concepts
combined with powerful tools and database that allow
compact data input, makes it easy to change tower
configuration, provides realistic modeling and analysis,
iterative optimizations and in full compliance to all codes of
practice. And it does so very quickly.

Where in otherwise takes an engineer days to complete the geometry of a
single tower, iTOWERS Designer does the task in minutes.
iTOWERS Designer saves Tower Engineers the confusion
and expense of using unrelated software tools from
different vendors to accomplish what should be related
tasks – Tower geometry generation, Load calculations,
Structural analysis, Graphical verification, preparation of
Design reports and Drawings.

iTOWERS Designer has been extensively validated in a
live and practical design environment.
iTOWERS Designer is designed to live and grow by allowing
the user open access to database to add new patterns,
sections etc.

High Specificity & High Sensitivity iTOWERS Designer is
specific to Tower Design and Engineering.
It is a tool that helps you with precise
understanding of structural behavior of the tower for
every sensitive change in design parameters.

High Productivity iTOWERS Designer, with its unique features of design and
optimization is like adding a team of expert designers to
the design staff. Over-night!

Need of Matlab in EE&P Engineering





The name MATLAB stands for MATrix LABoratory. MATLAB was written originally
to provide easy access to matrix software developed by the LINPACK (linear system package)and EISPACK (Eigen system package) projects.

MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates
computation, visualization, and programming environment. Furthermore, MATLAB is
a modern programming language environment: it has sophisticated data structures, contains-built in editing and debugging tools, and supports object-oriented programming.

These factors make MATLAB an excellent tool for teaching and research.
MATLAB has many advantages compared to conventional computer languages (e.g.,
C, FORTRAN) for solving technical problems. MATLAB is an interactive system whose
basic data element is an array that does not require dimensioning. The software package has been commercially available since 1984 and is now considered as a standard tool at most universities and industries worldwide.

It has powerful built-in routines that enable a very wide variety of computations. It
also has easy to use graphics commands that make the visualization of results immediately available. Specific applications are collected in packages referred to as toolbox. 

There are toolboxes for signal processing, symbolic computation, control theory, simulation, optimization and several other fields of applied science and engineering.
In addition to the MATLAB documentation which is mostly available on-line.